Taphonomy and burial context of the Roman/post-Roman funerary areas (2nd to 6th centuries AD) of A Lanzada, NW Spain
Resumo
Although in the post-Roman transition (Late Antiquity) intense socioeconomic, cultural and environmental changes took place in NW Iberia, their impact in the life of local communities is barely known. The funerary rites and burial are processes deeply rooted in societies, hence their modifications may reveal helpful aspects to understand the aforementioned transition. To reach this objective and improve our knowledge on the local lifestyle, I analyzed and compared the taphonomy, or post-mortem alterations, of burials from A Lanzada necropolis. This is one of the few sites in NW Spain where two different funerary phases, Roman and post-Roman, have been found. The burial context was studied in 59 graves (38 Roman and 21 post-Roman) and surface abrasion and biotic-abiotic alterations were analyzed in 84 skeletons (38 Roman, 40 post-Roman, 6 undetermined). The results showed modifications on burial ritual in the Late Antiquity funerary area: grave orientation changed to W-E (it was S-N in Roman times), no grave goods were present, body position was always supine, and multiple consecutive burials and stone slabs coffins were introduced. This type of funerary context was apparently common in later Galician necropoleis. In contrast, in the Roman period the funerary practices were more varied, since they included burial cremations, tile-built graves, as well as prone burials with carelessly deposited human remains. Other Iberian sites show similar patterns of changes between Roman/post-Roman phases. A possible standardization of funerary ritual in Late Antiquity is suggested and different socioeconomic and cultural causes are explored to understand the observed trends.