The protohistoric fortified landscape on the coastline between the Âncora and Lima valleys: archaeological and spatial perspectives

Abstract

This article proposes an investigation of the Iron Age fortified landscape on the northern coast of Portugal, between the valleys of the Âncora and Lima rivers. We aim to provide an up-to-date view of the spatial organisation, morphological characteristics, functionality and chronology of Iron Age fortified settlements in this region. Through the analysis of LiDAR-derived models, coupled with fieldwork and analysis of local and imported material culture, we aim to identify and characterise a significant number of sites, including those not yet properly documented. By exploring the spatial relationship between fortified settlements and the natural environment, as well as cultural interactions with other social groups, we aim to understand the historical processes that shaped the region's cultural landscape. This research provides a better understanding of the social and spatial organisation of Iron Age communities in this region, contributing to a broader discussion around the historical dynamics of indigenous Iron Age societies in the Northwest Peninsula and their integration into the Roman world.